Case Study Investigation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
KEY TERMS
4:1 MEASURING/RECORDING HEIGHT, WEIGHT, AND HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE
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HEAD AND CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE
WEIGHT
Most patients are very weight conscious.
HEIGHT
SCALES
FIGURE 4–3A A beam-balance scale.
FIGURE 4–3B A wheelchair scale.
FIGURE 4–3C A bed with a built-in scale.
Weight is recorded as kilograms (kg).
HOW TO MEASURE AND RECORD THE HEIGHT AND WEIGHT OF AN ADULT OR CHILD
FIGURE 4–4A Raise the height bar of the scale higher than the height of the patient.
FIGURE 4–4B Move the bar of the height measuring scale down until it just touches the top of the patient’s head.
• Elevate the height bar and help the patient get off the scale.
HOW TO MEASURE AND RECORD THE WEIGHT OF AN INFANT
Record the weight in kilograms. Check your reading for accuracy.
HOW TO MEASURE AND RECORD THE HEIGHT OF AN INFANT
FIGURE 4–7 To measure head circumference, bring the tape around the infant’s head, just above the ears, and back to the forehead.
HOW TO MEASURE AND RECORD THE HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE OF AN INFANT
Pull the tape snug to compress the hair, but not too tight.
HOW TO MEASURE AND RECORD THE CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE OF AN INFANT
Record all required information on the patient’s chart and enter
What three measurements are taken regularly for an infant?
What brain condition does an infant head circumference above the 95th percentile indicate?
4:2 POSITIONING A PATIENT
The patient lies flat on their back with the legs slightly apart.
The knees are slightly separated, and the thighs are at right angles to the table.
Draping is done with one large sheet placed over the body
Draping is done with a surgical sheet that has a hole to expose the
When positioning a patient, what should you do to prevent injury to yourself?
What are Fowler’s positions used for?
FIGURE 4–9 Horizontal recumbent (supine) position.
FIGURE 4–13A Semi-Fowler’s (mid-Fowler’s) position.
4:3 SCREENING FOR VISION PROBLEMS
Where should a test for visual acuity take place?
What is an ophthalmoscope used for?
4:4 ASSISTING WITH PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS
of the other hand to tap the body part. The sounds emitted
EQUIPMENT
FIGURE 4–23 An ophthalmoscope is used to examine the patient’s eye.
PREPARE YOURSELF
PREPARE THE PATIENT
DURING THE EXAMINATION
AFTER THE EXAMINATION
What four main techniques are used during an examination?
List five tests that are frequently done prior to the physical examination.
4:5 ASSISTING WITH MINOR SURGERY AND SUTURE REMOVAL
INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT
FIGURE 4–25 Some sample surgical instruments.
FIGURE 4–26 A wide variety of suture materials and needles are available for minor surgeries.
PREPARING THE PATIENT
PREPARING THE SITE
DURING SURGERY
FIGURE 4–27 Hold the anesthetic solution vial in a convenient position so the physician can fill the syringe without contaminating the needle.
AFTER THE SURGERY
Label all specimens correctly with the patient’s name,
SUTURE REMOVAL
List four basic instruments or pieces of equipment that may be used for surgery or a procedure.
Is a sterile technique required for suture removal? Justify your answer.
4:6 RECORDING AND MOUNTING AN ECG
The movement of the electrical impulse is recorded
RECORDING AN ECG
FIGURE 4–33 The lead arrangement and coding for a standard electrocardiogram.
FIGURE 4–34 Lead types, connections, and placement. (A) Standard limb leads. (B) Augmented voltage (aV) leads. (C) Precordial or chest leads.
FIGURE 4–35 An alligator clip on the end of the electrocardiograph cable wire attaches to the disposable electrode.
The lead wires should follow body contour
FIGURE 4–38 A mounted ECG.
MOUNTING AN ECG
What node does the electrical pulse of the heart originate from? Where is that node located?
What are the two main classes of electrocardiographs?
4:7 WORKING WITH MEDICATIONS
FIGURE 4–41 Types of injections and the correct angles for administration of parenteral medications.
• Topical (or local): Applied directly to the top of the skin.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
INFORMATION NEEDED BEFORE ADMINISTERING A DRUG
a specific period); categorizes the dosages according to the age of the person taking the drug.
SAFETY
FIGURE 4–43 Check the label of any medication at least three times.
List the four routes for injections.
What are the “six rights”?
Today’s Research Tomorrow’s Health Care
Case Study Investigation Conclusion
