Assessment - Introduction To Business - ثاني ثانوي

Chapter 6 Review Business Concepts 6.1 Management Functions and Styles Assessment • Managers' work can be organized within five functions: planning, organizing, staffing, implementing, and controlling. Not every manager devotes the same amount of attention and time to each of the functions. • Most organizations have three levels of managers. Executives are top-level managers with responsibilities for the direction and success of the entire business. Middle managers are specialists with responsibilities for specific parts of a company's operations. Supervisors are the first level of management in a business and are responsible for the day-to-day work of a small group of employees. A manager might choose an authoritative approach when working with employees who are inexperienced, unmotivated, or uncomfortable being involved in decision making. Authoritative management might also be a good choice when operating under tight time pressures or assigning a new task. A manager should use a delegative approach when employees are skilled and experienced, the work is routine with few new challenges, employees are doing work they enjoy, the manager wants to improve group relationships, or employees are willing to take responsibility for the results of their work. 6.2 Managerial Leadership • Strong leadership helps people with different backgrounds and personalities to work well together and do the work needed by the business. The characteristics of an effective leader are understanding, initiative, dependability, judgment, objectivity, confidence, stability, cooperation, honesty, courage, communication, and intelligence. The important human relations skills needed by leaders and managers are (1) self-understanding, (2) understanding others, (3) communication, (4) team building, and (5) developing job satisfaction. • Position influence is the ability to get others to accomplish tasks because of the position the leader holds. Reward influence results from the leader's ability to give or withhold rewards. Expert influence arises when group members recognize a leader's expertise. Identity influence stems from the personal trust and respect members have for the leader. وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 Assessment | 201

Think Critically About Business 1. How are the managing activities of an entrepreneur starting a new business and the top executive of a large corporation similar and different? What are the most important management skills both types of managers need for their companies to be successful? 2. Describe one important management activity for each of the five management functions. 3. Which type of management style would you personally prefer a manager you work for to have? Why? What would you have to do to work effectively for a manager who used another style? 4. You have been assigned to be the team leader of a work group that must complete a very important project. What are the first things you would do to prepare and motivate the individuals to work well as a team to complete the assignment? 5. Review the list of leadership characteristics in Figure 6-4. Which three characteristics do you believe are the most important to managers? Which three do you believe are least important? Justify your choices. Compare your decisions with those of other students. 6. To demonstrate your self-understanding, what do you believe are your human relations strengths? What are your current weaknesses? Describe some examples of situations where you believe you demonstrated effective human relations. 7. In your school or another organization, identify four people that illustrate each of the four kinds of influence. Prepare an example of how each person uses his or her influence to accomplish the work of the organization. 202 Chapter 6 | Management and Leadership Ministry of Education 2024-1446

Develop Your Business Language Match the terms listed with the definitions. Term Your Choice Definition 8. Controlling 9. Formal Influence 10. Human Relations 11. Implementing 12. Influence a. Identifying and arranging the work and resources needed to achieve the goals that have been set. b. All of the activities involved in obtaining, preparing, and compensating the employees of a business. C. The way a manager works with and involves employees. d. Enables a person to affect the actions of others. e. The process of accomplishing the goals of an organization through the effective use of people and other resources. Analyzing information, setting goals, and making decisions about what needs to be done. g. The way people get along with each other. h. Determines to what extent the business is accomplishing the goals it set out to reach in the planning stage. 13. Informal Influence f. 14. Leadership 15. Management 16. Management Style i. Power resulting from the personal characteristics of a leader rather than the formal structure of an organization. 17. Organizing j. The effort to direct and lead people to accomplish the planned work of the organization. 18. Planning 19. Staffing I. k. The ability to motivate individuals and groups to accomplish important goals. Power based on a leader's position within the formal structure of an organization. Make Academic Connections 20. Personal Development The characteristics of effective leaders are shown in Figure 6-4. Create a three-column table. In the first column, list the characteristics from the figure. In the middle column, describe things you have done (hobbies, work, projects) that give evidence of each leadership characteristic. In the final column, list other things you can do in the next two years to further develop your capabilities as a leader. وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 Assessment |203

21. Math The three levels of management spend different amounts of time on the five management functions. The records of one company show the average amount of time their managers spent on each function in a week. The results are shown in the table below. Calculate the total time spent per week by all levels of management for each of the five functions. Develop a graph that shows the percentage of the total hours each group devotes to each of the management functions during their workweek. WEEKLY AVERAGE HOURS DEVOTED TO MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS Planning EXECUTIVES 22 MIDDLE MANAGERS SUPERVISORS 10 5 Organizing 6 12 8 Staffing 2 7 3 Implementing 4 14 20 Controlling 18 7 6 Make Your Case Sara has just been promoted to a supervisor role in a manufacturing company based in Dammam, where she has worked for two years. She has been informed that she will be in charge of overseeing two different teams that work in the company. Team A is made up of regular employees who are skilled and experienced in the manufacturing tasks they are given, and typically enjoy the work they do. However, as the business is expanding to meet the demand of several new contracts, a second team has been assembled to handle the overflow work. Team B is made up of part-time and temporary employees, who are inexperienced in the role. Sara is keen to ensure that both teams are productive and content in their jobs. She feels that the same management approach may not be appropriate for supervising both teams. 22. Is Sara right that the same management approach won't be appropriate for the two teams? Why? 204 Chapter 6 | Management and Leadership Ministry of Education 2024-1446

23. Explain which management approach Sara should adopt for Team A, giving reasons for your answer. 24. Explain which management approach Sara should adopt for Team B, giving reasons for your answer. Interactions and Connections 25. There may be opportunities in your community to develop skills that will help you become an effective business leader. Select five of the leadership characteristics shown in Figure 6-4 that you would like to develop. For each characteristic selected, identify a community activity in which you can participate that will help you develop the characteristic. List the community group or organization that offers the activity and the requirements to participate in the activity. Using the organization website or by making a direct contact, identify the procedures and requirements for volunteering at one of the groups or organizations. 26. Leadership and leadership development are important issues in business today. Many business executives maintain blogs to discuss their ideas and leadership experiences. Most of the leadership blogs encourage feedback and discussion of leadership from blog readers both inside and outside of the executive's company. Go online and locate a blog written by a business executive on the topic of leadership. Identify and write a brief description of one blog posting that discusses an aspect of leadership that you studied in this chapter. Identify and briefly describe another blog posting that provides information on leadership you did not study in the chapter. Describe how reading blogs of business executives can help develop your leadership skills. Think of a business in your neighborhood. What levels of management do you think it has? وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 Assessment | 205