EXPANSION Units - Mega goal 3 - ثالث ثانوي

EXPANSION Units 9-12 1 Language Review A. Change the quoted speech to reported speech. In some cases, more than one answer is possible. Keep away from people who try to belittle your ambitions. Small people always do that, but the really great make you feel that you, too, can become great. —Mark Twain you Mark Twain advised people to keep away from people who try to belittle their ambitions. He said that small people always did that, but the really great made feel that you, too, could become great. 1. We have to be always ready and fit. I train my own children to walk barefoot, to rise two hours before dawn, to eat but little, to ride horses bareback – sometimes we have not a moment to saddle a horse, leap to his back and go. —-King Abdulaziz 2. I will be father to the young, brother to the elderly. I am but one of you; whatever troubles you, troubles me; whatever pleases you, pleases me. -King Fahd bin Abdulaziz 3. A man who views the world the same at fifty as he did at twenty has wasted thirty years of his life. -Muhammad Ali 4. I will praise any man that will praise me. -William Shakespeare 5. He who obeys the Almighty has no difficulty in exacting obedience to himself. -King Abdulaziz 6. ...every Muslim should work on some endowments that could benefit him in the life after death. Likewise, I prefer for my children to work on developing the wealth, that they would normally inherit after my death, while I am still alive, rather than keep it and continue working to increase it myself. —Sulaiman Al-Rajhi King Abdulaziz (Ibn Saud) B. Complete each sentence with a relative pronoun and your own idea. I am accustomed to wearing clothes 1. The most ridiculous rumor 2. The virtues that are baggy and comfortable I ever heard was I think are the most important are 3. Makkah is a city 4. I am someone 5. I think 6. The language always is the person I would most like to acquire is has had the biggest impact on my country. 7. is a person I admire so much because 8. I am accustomed to having friends 9. The object is my greatest treasure is 10. is something really intimidates me. وزارة التعليم Ministry of94ation 2024-1446 MG_03_COMBO_TEXT_2024.indb 194 30/4/24 3:07 AM

Change the quoted speech to reported speech We have to be always ready and fit I train my own children to walk barefoot, to rise two hours before dawn to eat but little

Complete each sentence with a relative pronoun and your own idea 1. The most ridiculous rumor ..... I ever heard was.....

وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 C. Write a sentence with an adjective + noun clause for each picture. Use the adjectives provided and your own ideas. 1. (disappointed) (worried) He is worried that he have failed may the exam. 2. (happy) 3. (surprised) 4. (unaware) MG_03_COMBO_TEXT_2024.indb 195 5. (glad). 195 30/4/24 3:07 AM

Write a sentence with an adjective noun clause for each picture Use the adjectives provided and your own ideas 1. disappointed

EXPANSION Units 9-12 D. Complete each sentence with a noun clause that is true about you. Sometimes I complain that I have too much homework 1. Ten years from now, I hope that 2. I sometimes fear that 3. I would never forget that 4. When I was younger, I decided that 5. Last week in class, I learned that 6. When most people meet me, they probably notice that 7. My parents expect that 8. People who have known me a long time know that E. Use the words and phrases to write sentences with noun clauses as the subjects. true: elephants have great memories It is true that elephants have great memories. 1. a fact: your diet affects your health 2. unlikely: he'll be able to afford a car this year 3. funny: he doesn't like tomatoes, but he does like tomato soup 4. strange: he missed the goal even though he was very close to it 5. obvious: people who study harder usually get better grades 6. possible: if people start using alternative sources of energy, global warming can be slowed F. Circle the correct relative pronoun in each sentence. 1. My mother is the person (who/that/whose) praise means the most to me. 2. The shirt (where / who / which) I bought has a stain on the collar. 3. The day (where/when/ which) he graduated was the best of his life. 4. The appraiser (who/which / whose) determined the diamond's authenticity is an expert. 5. Al-Zahrawi is the 10th century surgeon (who / whose / where) is considered to be one of the fathers of modern medicine. 6. I like weekends (where / who/when) I can spend time with my family. 7. We often go to the park (whose / where / when) we relax for hours. 8. A humanitarian is a person (who / whose / when) goals are noble. وزارة التعليم Ministry 196ation 2024-1446 MG_03_COMBO_TEXT_2024.indb 196 30/4/24 3:07 AM

Complete each sentence with a noun clause that is true about you 1. Ten years from now, I hope that....

Use the words and phrases to write sentences with noun clauses as the subjects 1. a fact your diet affects your health

Circle the correct relative pronoun in each sentence

+ G. Write at least eight sentences about the photos using adjective clauses. Use the pronouns that, which, who, where, when, and whose. 1939 was the year when World War 2 began. 5. 6. 7. 8. - 2 3 4 5 6 7 ∞ 1. 2. 4. وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 MG_03_COMBO_TEXT_2024.indb 197 5 SEPTEMBER 23 2024 1939 1 197 30/4/24 3:08 AM

Circle the correct relative pronoun in each sentence 1. My mother is the person (who/ that / whose) praise means the most to me

Write sentences with adjective clauses for as many of the photos as you can Use the pronouns that which who, where, when and whose

+ EXPANSION Units 9-12 2 Reading Before Reading 1. What are some things in the natural world that might have been difficult for people to understand before the development of science and technology? 2. Do you think everything in the natural world can now be explained with science and technology? It's a Mystery Before the development of science and technology, man viewed the natural world as mysterious and sometimes frightening. People were confounded by questions such as What is thunder? How are mountains formed? What causes sickness? Then, with the development of science, man started to find the answers to such questions. Now that we live in an age of advanced scientific knowledge, it sometimes seems we have unlocked all the mysteries of nature. Yet every so often, nature presents us with unexplained phenomena for which there are still no rational, scientific explanations. One such phenomenon that has been reported around the globe since ancient times is strange rainfall. From such diverse points on the globe as the U.S., Europe, and India, people have periodically reported such things as fish, frogs, and snakes suddenly falling from the sky. In one case, in July of 1901, a sudden heavy rain of frogs and toads fell on the city of Minneapolis, Minnesota. A reporter who covered the event wrote: “When the storm was at its highest, there appeared from the sky a huge green mass. Then followed a peculiar sound, unlike that of rain or hail. When the storm lessened, people found a variety of frogs 'three inches deep and covering an area of more than four blocks...so thick in some places [that] travel was impossible."" Some people believe these events are caused by tornadoes that occur over bodies of water. The theory is that the tornadoes, whose force sucks up animals into the clouds, are also responsible for carrying the animals until they are dropped back onto land. However, this explanation has never been proven. It also does not explain why many of these rainfalls consist of only one species, and why many of them consist of species that are not native to the area where they fall, but to an area many hundreds of miles away. Perhaps the rainfall that has most confounded scientists is a heavy red rain that fell sporadically on Kerala, India over a two-month period in 2001. According to locals who experienced the rains, there was a flash of light and a boom so loud that it shook the houses in town. And then the rain began. The Kerala rain was studied by scientists around the world. It became famous in 2006 when Godfrey Louis, a professor at Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala, made some astonishing claims about the rain. Louis said that the rain. appeared to be composed of living, biological cells. However, he said that there was no evidence of DNA in the cells. As all cells on earth contain DNA, Louis concluded that the colored particles were living cells from a life form on another planet, carried to this planet by a meteorite. However, not all scientists agree with Louis, and the origin of the red rain of Kerala is still generally considered to be a mystery. Another natural phenomenon that science has yet to explain is ball lightning. Ball lightning is the term for rare balls of light, usually at least as big as a doorknob and sometimes as big as a football, that float وزارة التعليم Ministry 198ation 2024-1446 MG_03_COMBO_TEXT_2024.indb 198 30/4/24 3:08 AM

What are some things in the natural world that might have been difficult for people to understand before the development of science and technology?

O through the air during thunderstorms. These balls have no smell and no heat. They usually vanish soundlessly or explode with a loud pop when they come across something electrical, like a computer or TV. Although these strange electrical occurrences are not common, there have been occasional reports of ball lightning for centuries. One widely-reported case of ball lightning occurred in January of 1984 in a Russian passenger plane. A Russian newspaper reported that the ball lightning "...flew above the heads of the stunned passengers. In the tail section of the airliner, it divided into two glowing crescents that then joined together again and left the plane almost noiselessly.” Although the ball lightning left two holes in the plane, it has often been reported to pass through solid objects without leaving a mark. Because ball lightning occurs so rarely and unexpectedly, scientists have not been able to study this phenomenon, and it remains a great mystery. In this age of advanced scientific knowledge, it may seem surprising that there are occurrences in the natural world for which we have no explanation. But perhaps it is a good thing that we have not unlocked all of the mysteries of the natural world. Such mysteries help us maintain a healthy respect, curiosity, and awe of the natural world. After Reading A. Match the words with their meanings. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 2 3 4 5 6 № 00° confounded rational mass peculiar species sporadically meteorite awe a. logical b. strange c. having no pattern or order in time d. confused e. type f. an amount of matter with no specific shape g. amazement h. rock or metal that has fallen to Earth from outer space 8. B. Answer the questions. 1. What are some of the mysterious things that have fallen from the sky? 2. What does Godfrey Louis believe about the red rain of Kerala and why? 3. What is ball lightning? 4. Describe the ball lightning that occurred on a Russian airplane. Discussion 1. Would you like science to discover a reason for the mysteries described in the reading? Why or why not? 2. Do you think people had more respect for the natural world before science unlocked so many of its mysteries? Explain. 3. What are some other mysteries for which there are no known explanations? وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 MG_03_COMBO_TEXT_2024.indb 199 199 30/4/24 3:08 AM

One widely-reported case of ball lightning occurred in January of 1984 in a Russian passenger plane

Match the words with their meanings 1. confounded

Would you like science to discover a reason for the mysteries described in the reading?

EXPANSION Units 9-12 3 Language Plus Aa B A + piece together can't make heads nor tails of F not have a clue D E ABIAEZ ΗΘΙΚΑΜ. ΝΞΟΠΡΣ. E=mc² TYOXYO It's all Greek to me. N E=mc² get to the bottom of Complete each situation with an idiom shown. 1. I cannot understand the directions in this computer manual. 2. A: Why did he drop the class? 3. I B: He told me last week that he loved the class. the assignment, so I'm going to talk with my teacher about it. 4. He's been having lots of different problems with his car lately. He's taking it to a garage today so that a mechanic can 5. The investigators will 6. I found a gold watch in my mailbox, and I do 4 Writing ▼ the problem. the clues to track down the thieves. where it came from. Beats me. Tools for Writing: Using the Definite Article with Geographical Nouns The is generally not used before: • continents: Asia, Europe ⚫ countries: Saudi Arabia, Oman, Brazil, Canada (Exceptions include: the United States, the Philippines) • ⚫ states, cities, and streets: Jeddah, Abha, Massachusetts, Chicago, Wall Street • The is generally used before: •⚫ points on the globe: the Equator, the South Pole . geographical areas: the Middle East, the South • rivers, oceans, and seas: the Nile, the Atlantic, the North Sea Correct the use of the in these sentences. 1. The Arizona is a state in southwest of the United States. 2. Egypt is on the continent of the Africa. ... 3. Nile River helped the Egypt become one of the most powerful nations of the Africa and Middle East. وزارة التعليم Ministry o200ation 2024-1446 MG_03_COMBO_TEXT_2024.indb 200 30/4/24 3:08 AM

Complete each situation with an idiom shown 1. i cannot understand the directions in this computer manual

Tools for Writing: Using the Definite Article with Geographical Nouns

وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 + Writing Prompt Research and write an essay about an unexplained mystery. Include grammar points from Units 9-12. Write Your Essay 1. Choose a mystery to research and write about. Use an idea from the box or an idea of your own. Big Foot Chupacabras Crop Circles Stonehenge The Bermuda Triangle The Green Sahara The Loch Ness Monster The Lost City of Atlantis The Taos Hum 2. Use a chart to organize your ideas. Write what you already know about the mystery in the K (Know) column. Write what you want to learn in the W (Want to Learn) column. Research these questions in your library or on the Internet. Then write what you've learned in the L (Learned) column. K W L 3. Write a draft of your essay, working carefully to construct an effective conclusion. 4. Have a partner read and comment on your draft. Use your partner's comments and suggestions to revise your essay. Developing Your Writing: Writing Effective Conclusions An effective conclusion usually refers back to the topic sentence in the essay's introduction, gives an essay a sense of completeness, and gives the reader something to think about. It is common to conclude an essay with one or more of the following techniques: • asking the reader a thought-provoking question • using a quotation • calling for some kind of action . evoking an image • echoing an image or idea from the introduction as a It seems there is much we may never know about Stonehenge. For all the years that scientists have studied this prehistoric monument, we still do not know who built it or how it was built. We do not know whether it was used as a scientific observatory, place where people were buried, or as a place to which people came for ancient ceremonies. However, one thing is clear: Stonehenge reveals the amazing mathematical sophistication and engineering knowledge of its builders. How did these builders have such complex mathematical understanding thousands of years before the Egyptians arrived at the principles of modern mathematics? This is, perhaps, the greatest mystery of Stonehenge and will be speculated about for many years to come. MG_03_COMBO_TEXT_2024.indb 201 The Mystery of Stonehenge 201 30/4/24 3:08 AM

Research and write an essay about an unexplained mystery. Include grammar points trom Units 4, 5, and 6

Write Your Essay 1. Choose a mystery to research and write about Use an idea from the box or an idea of your own

وزارة التعليم Ministry o202ation 2024-1446 + EXPANSION Units 9-12 5 Writing Tools for Writing: Sentence Fragments A sentence fragment is a dependent clause that is incorrectly treated as a complete sentence. Incorrect: Because he's so intelligent. Sentence fragments can often be fixed by either adding the fragment to an independent clause, or by removing the introductory word from the fragment. Correct: I like listening to his lectures because he's so intelligent. Correct: He's so intelligent. Correct these sentence fragments. 1. After the news report was over. 2. If I go shopping. 3. Unless the weather is nice. 4. Because we eat too much fast food. Writing Prompt Write an informational essay about a psychological condition or disorder. Include grammar points from Units 9-12 where possible. Write Your Essay 1. Decide what condition you want to write about. Some possible subjects include stuttering, insomnia, dyslexia, anxiety, attention deficit disorder, and eating disorders. 2. Research the disorder to answer the following questions: What is this disorder? What causes it? What are the symptoms? What are some example cases? How is the disorder treated? 3. Use a chart to record information and organize your ideas. 4. Write a draft of your essay. Be sure to avoid plagiarism. Paraphrase and cite sources when necessary. 5. Have a partner read and comment on your draft. Use your partner's comments and suggestions to revise your essay. MG_03_COMBO_TEXT_2024.indb 202 30/4/24 3:08 AM

Tools for Writing: Sentence Fragments

Write Your Essay

وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 Definition Causes Symptoms Example cases Treatment Disorder: + Developing Your Writing: Avoiding Plagiarism Plagiarizing means copying ideas and words from another writer without giving credit to the writer. When you gather information for your essays, be careful to note any information you take directly from another source. When using this information, avoid plagiarism by doing the following things: Quote exact words: Place exact words from another source in quotation marks. This clearly indicates that the words in quotations are not your own. Paraphrase: Summarize and put ideas from another source into your own words. Whether you use exact quotes or paraphrase, be sure to give credit to the original source after the quote or paraphrase. Then include a list of your sources at the end of your essay. MG_03_COMBO_TEXT_2024.indb 203 Stuttering Faris has carefully researched and written his assignment. Now he has to present it in front of his class, but he doesn't want to. He is afraid that he will embarrass himself in front of his classmates. In fact, he is so scared of embarrassing himself that he would rather accept a failing grade for the assignment than take the risk. Faris is a stutterer. Stuttering is a common speech disorder that affects a little less than one percent of the population. People who stutter repeat or prolong sounds and words, which disrupts the normal flow of speech. (NIDÓCD, 2009) National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. September 3, 2009. <http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/voice/stutter.asp> 203 30/4/24 3:08 AM

Disorder: ____________

Developing Your Writing: Avoiding Plagiarism