Increasing Management Effectiveness - Principles of Management - ثالث ثانوي

Cohass 1.4 Increasing Management Effectiveness JLEY TERMS Management Role Management Principles LEARNING OBJECTIVES Once you have completed this lesson, you should be able to 1.4.1. identify three important roles successful managers play in erganizations. 1.4.2 Explain how managers use resources to accomplish the work of an organization. 1.43 List and explain accepted management principles. التعليم 48 REALITY CHECK What Does It Take? Nora recently applied for a management position at her company. She has asked her friend Sara to help her prepare for the interview. "What is the most important contribution you could make to this organization as a manager?" asks Sara. "I would be effective at getting the employees I manage to work as a team," replies Nora. "I get along well with all of my current co-workers, and I'm often chosen as the leader for special projects. I think companies want managers who can get their employees to work well and not create problems." "I agree that busmesses count on employees doing a good job, says Sara "But today it seems that many businesses are really con- cerned about ensuring profits Don't you think it might be more im- portant to a business to have a manager who is good with budgets and who can control costs?" "You might be right, Sara. Some managers only work with a few employees, but all of them must meet their budget and help the business make a profit." What's Your Reaction? How would you answer the question Sara asked about the most important contribution? Chapter 1 Managers and Managing

عبارت التعليم LO 1.4.1 Management Roles Managers are responsible for getting the work of an organization accomplished largely through the efforts of other people. Whether someone is a club president, the captain of an athletic team, a parent, or a business manager, it is not easy to get other people to do what is required from them. Some managers use threats and punishment to control workers. Although these tactics work in some situations and with some work- ers, they are not always effective. Even if the work is done, it might not be done properly or meet quality standards. Students can think about their own experiences with chores, school assignments, and other activities. What motivates an individual to do their best? One of the main challenges an individual will face if they decide to become a manager is determining the best ways to work with employees so they will be prepared and motivated to do their jobs well. Management scientists have studied successful managers to deter mine what makes them different from those who were not successful. By observing the daily work schedules of managers, the scientists were able to identify important activities of successful managers and group them within three management roles. A management role is a common set of activities that makes up an important part of a manager's job. Successful managers are communicators, relationship builders, and decision makers. Communicators As communicators, managers need to make sure important informa- tion is gathered, used appropriately, and shared with those who need it. Managers identify important information sources and maintain many communication channels. As spokespersons, they communicate frequently and clearly with individuals both inside and outside their organization. Lesson 1.4 mcreasing Management Effectiveness 49

Communications an important part of a manager sjob What problems Imight occur if communication is Ineffective دارس التعليم

عبارت التعليم Relationship Builders As relationship builders, managers represent their organization and maintain effective relationships with others. Within the organization, they work to develop a positive, motivating environment. They interact effectively with their teams and with other managers, develop and sup- port subordinates, and work to resolve conflicts. Decision Makers In the role of decision maker, effective managers are constantly on the lookout for new opportunities and areas for improvement. They determine the best way to allocate resources to meet the needs of the organization. They solve problems and take corrective action but also promptly recognize and reward success. NET KNOWLEDGE Anyone hoping to be hired for a job should carry out some research on the company prior to an interview to show the interviewers that they have come prepared Particularly when applying for a manage- rial position, it's important to understand the company's values and approach to management. Visit the Saudi Aramco website. https:// www.aramco.com and write down five key points about the compa- ny and its approach that you think would be important for a manager to be aware of: ? CHECKPOINT What are the three roles of successful managers? Lesson 14 increasing ragement Effectiveness 51

التعليم 52 Resources LO 1.4.2 Getting Work Accomplished As highlighted at the beginning of this chapter, managers' jobs are organized around five functions-planning, organizing, staffing, direct- ing, and controlling. Every manager determines what needs to be done, who will do it, and what resources will be needed. Just as workers use tools and equipment to perform their jobs, managers have access to resources to get work accomplished. The resources of an organization include people, money, facilities, equipment, and materials. The most important resource available to managers is the company's employees. Managers determine the work that employees will do, and then ensure employees have the other resources they need to perform that work. Figure 1-5 shows that managers must carefully consider how each of the types of resources can be used most effectively as they plan, organize, staff, direct, and control the work of the organization. Management Functions Planning Organizing Staffing Directing Controlling People Money Facilities Equipment Materials Figure 1-5 Planning the Effective Use of Resources Managers make decisions about how the company's resources are used while performing each of the five functions of management. The first step for managers is to develop a plan. The plan shows how each of the types of resources will be used to accomplish the goals of the company. Once the plan is in place, the next management decision is how to organize each type of resource to make sure the plan can be accomplished. Each resource must be available where and when it will Chapter 1 Managers and Managing

عبارت التعليم be needed. Managers then effectively staff the organization and direct the staff in using the company's other resources to implement the plans. The last step is controlling. Here, managers check to see whether each of the resources was used effectively or whether changes need to be made. As an example, consider how an organization manages its resources. The goal of a large school is to offer the best educational programs and care possible for the students it serves. The work is performed by teach- ers, assistants, co-ordinators, bus drivers, and maintenance workers, but the managers must make sure the right people are hired and that every employee has the resources they need to do their jobs. Managers are continually involved in planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling activities: ■ As a part of planning, managers determine the type and number of people needed to operate the school. A budget is established as well as plans for facilities, equipment, and mate- rials required for all parts of the operation. ■ In organizing, employees are divided into work teams based on the types of activities they will be completing. Indoor and outdoor space will be organized where students will study, play, eat, and rest. In addition, office space, an employee break room, and perhaps a parking lot will be needed. Money from the budget must be allocated for each of the major activities. Managers then direct staff in the implementation of plans. In staffing, managers identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed for each position and then hire and train those em- ployees. Without the proper employees, the directing function would be less effective, making it more difficult to meet the school's goals. As a part of the controlling function, managers monitor the work of employees and the use of all resources to make sure they are being used as planned. When necessary, changes and improvements will be made, Different menus may need to be developed to control costs while providing nutritious meals and snacks. The play area may need to be reorganized to reduce the chance of accidents. Lesson 14 Increasing Management Effectiveness 53

التعليم 54 As can be seen, while other employees will perform most of the activ- ities in the operation of the school, managers are responsible for their work and the success of the business. They must make sure the employ- ees have the resources they need and that those resources are used as planned. ? CHECKPOINT How can managers make effective decisions about how the work of an organization is accomplished? LO 1.4.3 Principles of Effective Management Businesses today are quite different compared to those of one hundred, fifty, and even twenty years ago As businesses change, what it takes to be an effective manager has changed as well. Along the way, scientists and businesspeople have studied the changes and effective manage- ment practices They have identified things effective managers do well and ways managers can develop and improve their management skills. From the studies of effective organizations and managers, a num- ber of management principles have been identified. Management principles are the fundamental guidelines for the decisions and actions of managers. The following principles of management are well accept- ed as effective practices: 1. Effective managers demonstrate commitment to the continued success of the organization 2. Effective managers take responsibility for developing and directing plans to achieve the organization's goals. 3. Effective managers identify the resources the organization needs and ensure they are available when and where needed. 4. Effective managers organize and coordinate the work of the organization in a way that achieves efficient and effective operations. Chapter 1 Managers and Managing

وزارة التعليم 5. Effective managers recognize the importance of employees and balance employee needs with the goals and work process- es of the organization. 6. Effective managers monitor activities and results to identify ways the organization can be improved. 7. Effective managers are consistent and objective in their work. They cannot rush to judgments, let biases affect their decisions, or act in their own self-interests rather than those of the organ- ization and its employees. 8. Effective managers prepare carefully for their work. They spend time gathering and reviewing information before they act. They consider the possible effects of their decisions on other parts of the organization as well as the area they manage. They think about the possible long-term effects of their actions as well as the immediate results. They consult with other managers and their employees to get additional views and ideas. Lesson 14 increasing Management Effectiveness Project plans help mannges coordinate Well work. Whur types of plaindig would a mejor construction project require 55

ارت التعليم Managers want the very best for their organization and the people they work with. They know that, as managers, the decisions they make and the work they do affect not only themselves but also many other people and resources. They take their work seriously and find ways to improve their own effectiveness as well as the effectiveness of their employees ? CHECKPOINT What are management principles? 56 Chapter 1 Managers and Managing

عبارت التعليم " 14 Assessment UNDERSTAND MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS Determine the best answer for each of the following questions. 1. Which of the following is not one of the roles of successful managers? 4. jule Is manton hip builder decuson mites d. communicator 2. People, money, facilities, equipment, and materials are the of an organization. a. s b TESOUTERS C INCTX d. operation THINK CRITICALLY Answer the following questions as completely as possible. 3. Why is it difficult to get employees to do their best work using threats and punishment? Why should managers be concerned about how the decisions they make affect others? Lesson 14 increwing Management Effectiveness 57