Electronic Circuit Design and Simulation - Engineering - ثاني ثانوي

4. Circuit Simulation with Tinkercad Circuits In this unit, students will learn how to use an application to simulate electronic circuits. More specifically, students will learn how to create, edit, and simulate electronic circuits in Tinkercad Circuits. Students will also learn how to use the application to make measurements and to troubleshoot circuits. وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 108 2024-1446 Learning Objectives In this unit you will learn to: > Design an electronic circuit with Tinkercad Circuits. > Apply best selection practices while connecting electronics components. > Simulate an electronic circuit. > Design experiments in electronic circuits. > Measure current on an electronic circuit using various techniques. > Troubleshoot an electronic circuit. Tools > Autodesk Tinkercad Circuits

Lesson 1 Electronic Circuit Design and Simulation What Tinkercad Circuits is Tinkercad Circuits is a free web-based application, created by Autodesk for education, that lets you create digital and analog prototypes of electronic circuits. Simple circuits with LEDS, buzzers, switches and even sensors can be easily created and tested on this platform. A microcontroller, the most basic type of programmable computer, may be included in the design of these prototypes to control electronic components such as LEDs and motors. Tinkercad Circuits is part of a group of tools that includes utilities for 3D design and modeling. Coding can be used in your 3D designs and microcontroller circuits. KER AUTODESK CAD Tinkercad Search designs... 3D Designs Circuits Circuits Create new Circuit Gallery Blog Learn Teach a Link to digital lesson www.ien.edu.sa Select Editing Components Copy of wifi arduino serve... Copy of Telegram+Python... Codeblocks Lessons Your Classes Figure 4.1: Autodesk Tinkercad Circuits Tinkercad Circuits is a prototyping tool. It allows users to design and build an early model of a product in order to test and evaluate it. A prototype can serve as a proof of concept, showing that the system or device can be built and will perform as expected. Despite its simplicity, Tinkercad Circuits has strong simulation capabilities. This means that there is no need to buy physical components such as sensors, Arduino boards or motors in order to test if a prototype will work, and no physical components are damaged if the circuit is faulty. وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 109

You can access Tinkercad Circuits from https://www.tinkercad.com, and you can create a personal account to save and share your circuits with others. There is also a gallery of public designs for the three categories of projects: Designs, Circuits and Codeblocks. You can reuse and expand any public circuit with the Copy and Tinker button. 27.0 mA Copy and Tinker Like 0 Share Pin it % Embed Figure 4.2: Tinkercad Circuits Copy and Tinker feature Electrical and electronic circuits are the cornerstone of each and every device, and everyone working in the field of electronics must understand their design and implementation. In this unit, you will learn the basics of building an electronic circuit with Tinkercad Circuits. You will explore the interactive circuit editor and simulate your prototypes in a safe environment. TON AUTODESK KER CAD Tinkercad Gallery Blog Learn Teach Q თი Gallery Designs Circuits Codeblocks Newest Staff Favorites Small وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 110 2024-1446 028 1985 20 DEE 8888 1985822 1985 120 Figure 4.3: Tinkercad Circuits Gallery

Before you start designing your electronic circuit in Tinkercad Circuits, you should get a rough idea of what your circuit should look like by creating a hand-drawn sketch. When you are satisfied with your drawing, go to the Tinkercad website. In this lesson, we will create a circuit and use the Start Simulation button to turn an LED ON or OFF. To create an electronic circuit: > Open a web browser and go to https://www.tinkercad.com. ① > Click on JOIN NOW. 2 > Create an account, 3 and Sign in. 4 > On the Tinkercad home page, click Circuits. 5 > Click Create new Circuit. 6 > A circuit project is created and opened. ⑦ وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 Tinkercad Create 30 digital dex+ o https://www.tinkercad.com 1 Gallery Blog Learn Teach Q Sign in JOIN NOW 4 2 TIN KER AUTODESK CAD Tinkercad From mind to design in minutes Tinkercad is a free, easy-to-use web app that equips the next generation of designers and engineers with the foundational skills for innovation: 3D design, electronics, and coding! Workplane Start Tinkering Join your class Create your Superhero Suit. Try it! IEF Tinkercad https://www.tinkercad.com/join TON AUTODESK KER CAD Tinkercad 3 Start Tinkering How will you use Tinkercad? In school? Educators start here Students, join a Class On your own Create a personal account Already have an account? Sign In 111

↑ Dashboard | Tinkercad https://www.tinkercad.com/dashboard?type=circuits&collection=designs TIN AUTODESK KER CAD Tinkercad Search designs.... 3D Designs Circuits 5 Codeblocks Lessons Circuits Create new Circuit 6 时 Classes Gallery Blog Learn Teach Q Tinker with Circuits on Tinkercad! Try Circuits Your Classes This option lets us create a virtual circuit, program Try using existing it, and test it in real time. circuits. KER CAD Exercise1 وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 112 2024-1446 7 [111} 10} D X All changes saved Code Start Simulation Send To Figure 4.4: Create a circuit in Tinkercad Circuits Components Basic > Search 1.5V Battery Breadboard Small micro:bit Arduino Uno R3

The Main Window of Tinkercad Circuits ← Go to Tinkercad's dashboard. Set the name of the design. Type your code. Circuit design x + https://www.tinkered.com/things/ KER CAD Exercise1 Center and zoom the design to fill the window. Place all the components of the circuit in the workplane. {111} Edit the components using the main toolbar. Switch between Circuit View, Schematic View and Component List. All changes saved Start the simulation. A re < Code Start Simulation Send To Find the components for your design in the components library. Components Basic Search 1.5V Battery Breadboard Small micro:bit Arduino Uno R3 Vibration Motor DC Motor Figure 4.5: Tinkercad Circuits main window Views The Circuit View is the first view, and it's opened by default. The Schematic view contains an auto-generated schematic diagram of the design, and the Component List lets you export a BOM (Bill Of Materials) that lists all the components that have been added to the circuit. وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 SMART TIP Tinkercad Circuits has an automatic saving system. The system will update the save file every few minutes. 113

Core Components and Wiring Electronic components such as LEDs, buttons, resistors, and power sources can be used. These are the components available in the Basic option: Resistor 1.5V Battery N NPN Transistor (BJT) LED RGB LED Breadboard Small Pushbutton micro:bit Diode Photoresistor Potentiometer Arduino Uno R3 Soil Moisture Sensor Capacitor Vibration Motor Ultrasonic Distance Sensor Slideswitch 9V Battery ^6 DC Motor PIR Sensor Piezo Buzzer 13 www Micro Servo Temperature Sensor [TMP36] TMP Coin Cell 3V Battery Hobby Gearmotor وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 114 2024-1446 Figure 4.6: Tinkercad Circuits core components Multimeter 125.0 mA

A breadboard is typically used to connect components. A breadboard is a piece of plastic with numerous holes. These holes are used to keep various components in place. To add a component to the circuit: > Click the base component you want to add to the design, for example, the Breadboard Small. 1 > The component is temporarily linked to the mouse pointer. > Click in the workplane to place the component. 2 Click on the "Zoom to fit" button so the breadboard is centered and fills the workplane. Click here to hide the components panel .button. وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 Exercise All changes saved C Code Start Simulation Send To > Componenta Basic Search 9V Battery 1 15V Battery Breadboard Smal microbit Arduino Uno R3 Vibration Motor DC Motor Click on the Delete button, to delete a selected component. The inspector panel lets you edit the properties of a component. Exercise1 fghij cde 234595 Breadboard Small 2 Name 3 Figure 4.7: Add a component to the circuit All changs saved O Code Start Simulation Send To Components Basic E Search 9V Battery Coin Cell 3V Bettery 1.5V Battery Breadboard Small microbit Arduino Uno R3 Vibration Motor Моло 115

The Breadboard In the main area of the breadboard, there is a grid of thirty by ten holes. The columns are labeled 1 through 30, and the rows are labeled a through j. A piece of plastic separates rows a through e from rows f through j. Components Basic Search SV Battery Coin Cell BV Bettery 1.SV Battery Breedboard Small micro:bit Arduino Uno R3 Vibration Motor DC Mono Figure 4.8: Breadboard selection bcde 315 A metal connection under the plastic that connects all holes in the same column electrically. 27 28 At the edge of the breadboard are two rows with the same number of columns. There are negative and positive symbols on these rows. These represent connections to the battery (main power source). To draw electric current, the components in the middle of the breadboard tap into these rows. GOODD GOOD DOGOD GOOD GOOOD DOOOD وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 116 2024-1446 24 26 FAV 2813 29 30 (-) Row (+) Row Column 1146] ghij fghij 30 abcde fgh 14

Closed Circuit with an LED We will design a simple closed circuit with light. A light-emitting diode, or LED, will provide the light. Current can only flow in one direction through an LED. This is different from a regular light bulb, where current can flow in either direction. An LED has two connections, one for the cathode "negative" and one for the anode "positive". The lead of the anode is usually longer than the lead of the cathode. In Tinkercad Circuits, a bent lead identifies the LED anode. The positive voltage must connect there. To place a component onto the breadboard: > Click the component, for example the LED. 1 > Click to place the LED onto the breadboard so that each wire of the LED is in a hole. 2 This undoes the last action done to the design. The straight wire on the LED icon indicates the negative (Cathode) side of the LED. Pan the view around a design by clicking and dragging the empty space around it. وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 abcd Exercise1 555 74 Exercise1 abcde All changes saved 0 C Code Start Simulation Send To Components Basic Search 1 Resistor LED Capacitor Slideswitch All changes saved O Code Start Simulation Send To LED Components Basic Name 1 2 Search Color Red + Figure 4.9: Place a component onto the breadboard LED Potentiometer Capacitor Slideswitch 117

KER To add a power source to the circuit: > On the components panel, click on a power source, for example the 1.5V Battery. ① > Click and place the battery along the left side of the breadboard. 2 وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 118 2024-1446 Exercise1 AA 1.5V + 2 a b c d e fghij I [111} 8698 144 11 All changes saved Code Start Simulation Send To 1.5V Battery Components Basic Name 1 Search Count 1 battery 1 Battery Type AA Built-in Switch no 22 . . . ει SL 16••• 8L Figure 4.10: Add a power source to the circuit 20 21 ••• SMART TIP You can zoom in or out of a design by using the mouse wheel or the key combination Ctrl + + to zoom in and Ctrl + to zoom out. 1.5V Battery Breadboard Small micro:bit Arduino Uno R3 Vibration Motor DC Motor

وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 In electronic circuits, it is easier if the terminals are placed directly opposite the connectors. To rotate a component: > Click on the component to select it and make a blue frame appear around it, for example the 1.5V Battery. > Click the Rotate button on the main toolbar three times, as it rotates in small increments of approximately 30 degrees each time, to rotate the battery 90 degrees clockwise so that the terminals face the breadboard. 2 KEN Exercise1 CAD AA 1.5V 目 {0 CAB Exercise abcde fghij t 1 O AA 1.5V The Mirror button flips the selected component. This allows you to quickly design components with symmetry. 2 All changes saved C Code 0 Start Simulation Send To 1.5V Battery Name 1 Count 1 battery Type AA Built-in Switch no 144 All changes saved K7 Code Start Simulation Send To 1.5V Battery Name 1 Count 1 battery Type AA Built-in Switch no Figure 4.11: Rotate a component 119

The battery must supply voltage to the LED of the circuit. Lead wires or Jumper wires are used to connect components that are not in the same row. These are plastic-covered wires with exposed ends that can be used to connect components. That is one of the reasons they are referred to as Jumper wires. To wire a component: Exercise 1 CAD 10 All changes saved 0 C Code Start Simulation Send To > Click on the negative terminal of the component, for example that of the battery. ① > Click on the first hole in the negative column to make the connection. 2 > Repeat the process with the positive terminal, placing the jumper wire on the positive hole on the breadboard. 3 AA 1.5V The label describes the component element selected. Negative 1 1.5V Battery Name 1 Count 1 battery Type AA Built-in Switch no وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 120 2024-1446 CAD Exercise O 2 AA 1.5V All changes savest Code Start Simulation Send To

Exercise1 O AA 1.5V Exercise m $ وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 Ο All changes saved < Code Start Simulation Send To FREES 3 712 + + Figure 4.12: Wire a component All changes saved Code 0 Start Simulation Sand To 5 9 7 6 8 <- 10 <• 11 <12 121

When many wires jump from one location to another, circuits can quickly become complicated. It is usually a good idea to color code the wires. In electronics, certain colors are commonly used. In DC circuits, red is typically used for positive connections and black for negative connections. Green is also used occasionally for ground. To edit a wire: > Click on the positive terminal. 1 > In the main toolbar, click Wire color. 2 > Click on the color Red. ③ > Repeat the process for the negative terminal and change the Wire color to Black. 4 Exercise1 -> 10 AA 1.5V وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 122 2024-1446 All changes saved 非 44 < Code Start Simulation Send To 1 Exercise1 O In AA 1.5V 2 WIRE COLOR Black Red 4 Orange Yellow Green 3 Turquoise Blue Purple Pink Brown Grey White All changes saved 40 KA Code Start Simulation Send To

One of the advantages of using a breadboard is that the components can be easily moved to make new connections or to make room for other components. Exercise1 In All changes saved 44 <Code Start Simulation Send To AA 1.5V 4 وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 11451 224 Figure 4.13: Edit a wire In this case, for example, we drag and drop the LED to row f. SMART TIP When a wire is selected, you can change its color by typing any number on your keyboard. Typing 0 will, for example, result in a black wire. 123

وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 124 2024-1446 The circuit is still open. To complete the circuit, two wires are required. One wire is for the positive terminal and one for the negative. The positive terminal must be connected to the anode of the LED. To close a circuit: > Click on Column 4 Row j to begin a jumper wire. 1 > Connect the other end of the wire to the positive column. 2 > Connect another wire from Column 3 Row j, to the negative terminal column. 3 > Change the color of the wires to match the polarities. 4 Exercise1 【] All changes saved 非 4A Code Start Simulation Send To AA 1.5V 2 2345 1 SMART TIP The type of a selected wire can be changed to normal, alligator or hookup using the Wire type tool in the main toolbar.

وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 Exercise1 Exercise1 ] {0 AA 1.5V 3 AA 1.5V abcde fghij fghij abcde 2345 4 4A All changes saved < Code SD 会 ☐ Start Simulation Send To All changes saved 非 K7 Code Start Simulation Send To Figure 4.14: Close a circuit 125

وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 Exercise1 Exercise1 ] {0 AA 1.5V 3 AA 1.5V abcde fghij fghij abcde 2345 4 4A All changes saved < Code SD 会 ☐ Start Simulation Send To All changes saved 非 K7 Code Start Simulation Send To Figure 4.14: Close a circuit 125

Simulations allow us to experiment with circuit development. In this case, we will edit the power source to test the circuit. To edit and test a circuit: > Click the battery once to select it. 1 > Go to the inspector panel and click Count. 2 > Click 2 batteries. 3 > Click Start Simulation. 4 > The star over the LED indicates that the LED blew out. 5 > Click Stop Simulation, 6 and change the number of batteries to 1 battery. 7 > Click Start Simulation again, ⑧ to verify that the circuit is functioning normally. وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 Exercise1 1 AA 1.5V {0 144 All changes saved <7 Code Start Simulation Send To 1.5V Battery Name 1 2 Count 1 battery SMART TIP You can activate the commands Start Simulation and Stop Simulation with the S key on your keyboard. Type AA Built-in Switch no 127

وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 128 2024-1446 Exercise1 AS WE AA 1.5V {0}] 345 All changes saved < 4 Start Simulation Send To 1.5V Battery Name 1 Count 2 batteries Type AA Built-in Switch no 覚は Exercise1 144 Simulator time: 00:00:05 76 AA 1.5V Later, we will add a resistor in series to limit the current. 5 All changes saved Stop Simulation 1.5V Battery Name 1 Count 2 batteries Type AA Built-in Switch no 912022227 77 fghij 3 Send To

K Exercise1 (B وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024-1446 Int AA 1.5V {0}] 144 All changes saved 非 <1 8 Start Simulation Send To a poc 1.5V Battery Name 1 Count 1 battery 7 Type AA Built-in Switch no Exercise 1 All changes saved Simulator time: 00:00:04 Code Stop Simulation Send To AA 1.5V bcde 55 2522 Figure 4.16: Edit and test a circuit 1.5V Battery Name 1 Count 1 battery Type AA Built-in Switch no 2 A 129

Exercises 1 Read the sentences and tick ✓ True or False. True False 1. Tinkercad Circuits is a web-based simulator. 2. You can build and simulate an electrical circuit with Tinkercad Circuits. 3. Tinkercad Circuits is used by engineers to build advanced computer designs. 4. Resistors, power sources and LEDs are the only components you can use in Tinkercad Circuits. 5. The Component List displays all the components of the designed circuit. 6. It is better to use the same color for all wire connections. 7. Power rails are columns along the left and right sides of the breadboard marked with [+] and [-] labels. 8. The black wire (Ground Wire) carries the return current back to the energy supply. 9. The red wire (Live Wire) carries the current from the power source. وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 130 2024-1446

2 Briefly explain what prototyping is. 3 Design the following circuit using Tinkercad Circuits. Run the simulation. Note if it works correctly and if not, what corrections need to be made. Fix the circuit in the application. Which basic principle does the circuit describe? وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 2024 -1446 9V 131

4 Search the Internet for applications similar to Tinkercad Circuits. Compare them and write down your conclusions. 5 What are the advantages of Tinkercad Circuits? Justify your answer. وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 132 2024-1446

4 Search the Internet for applications similar to Tinkercad Circuits. Compare them and write down your conclusions. 5 What are the advantages of Tinkercad Circuits? Justify your answer. وزارة التعليم Ministry of Education 132 2024-1446