before you start
focus on language
underline the verbs that follow if in these sentences
look at the sentences in exercise 1 and discuss the questions in pairs
choose the correct verb in the sentences
discuss these questions in pairs
read the statement in the box do you agree or disagree with it
listen to ahmed and mustafa discussing the causes and results
listen again and tick the phrases you hear
write the phrases from the discussing causes
use the phrases in exercise 8 to write about another invention